Friday, May 10, 2013

Should healthcare be restricted based on weight, smoking, or other high-risk behaviours?


With access to healthcare becoming increasingly limited, the question is raised as to whether or not existing resources should be selectively allocated. While many argue that a person’s health is a direct manifestation of the choices they make, others acknowledge the difficulty and the inherent wrongness in judging the lifestyles of citizens, especially for something as essential as healthcare.

First and foremost, those in favour of imposing the aforementioned restrictions on healthcare substantiate their argument on the grounds that there is presently an insufficiency of healthcare and therefore it must be rationally distributed. Smokers, drug addicts, the clinically obese, etc., those who “do not take care” of their bodies should not take priority over people who have had led healthy lives and need the same resources for illnesses or injuries that were out of their control. They also suggest that the restrictions would send a message to future generations as well, incentivizing a healthy lifestyle while deterring unhealthy activities.

Upon initial consideration this argument seems logical, however, further examination reveals that the subject is not as black and white. To begin with, there are a number of activities that can contribute to poor health, many of which are hard to diagnose and often outside of the person’s control as well. Poor emotional health, medical history, demanding jobs, stress, and peer pressure are all examples of factors that can contribute to a poor physical state although they are not a result of apathy or lack of concern. Even professionals such as firefighters, who work for the benefit of society, knowingly put themselves in danger and end up with broken bones, burns, cuts, etc. It would also be difficult to decisively conclude what causes a person’s decline in health, as a lack of concern or dangerousness of lifestyle cannot be quantified, and are nearly impossible to verify. Take for example an obese person who suffers from diabetes sustains a bodily injury that would normally be caused by being overweight; it would be difficult to determine whether or not such conditions were a result of obesity. Such a person could be denied healthcare merely because they are overweight, even if it did not cause any of their physical problems. There is also no one to make the decision of who to grant healthcare to. Such a procedure could not be carried out by a doctor, as it would be too time consuming and a waste of resources.

Even if practicality issues could be solved, there is something inherently wrong in restricting healthcare based on lifestyle. Healthcare is essential, and therefore by giving it to one person over another, it is valuing said person more. Human worth cannot be determined in such a way. It is similar to determining which person is more of a contribution to society, something that is equally wrong, only it is based on lifestyle choices. To connect this issue legally, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms states that everyone has the right to liberty, which protects an individual's freedom to act without physical restraint and the power to make important personal choices. By determining who will have access to healthcare by lifestyle choices, this fundamental right would be infringed upon. A restriction on essential service based on the way a person acts then becomes a restriction on the way that person acts. Finally, this is problem causing as it condemns activities such as overeating, smoking, and drinking, which are no illegal, but could lead to the denial of healthcare.

* Upon looking for images, I felt that none would enhance the meaning of this response.

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